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| Paragraph 1 |
An argument is clear in one, and that the most ordinary, sense, if
it be so brought to a conclusion as to make no further questions
necessary: |
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An argument is called fallacious in four senses: |
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(1) when it appears
to be brought to a conclusion, and is not really so - what is called
'contentious' reasoning: |
| Paragraph 4 |
(2) when it comes to a conclusion but not
to the conclusion proposed - which happens principally in the case of
reductiones ad impossibile: |
| Paragraph 5 |
(3) when it comes to the proposed
conclusion but not according to the mode of inquiry
appropriate to the
case, as happens when a non-medical argument is taken to be a
medical one, or one which is not geometrical for a geometrical
argument, or one which is not dialectical for dialectical,
whether the
result reached be true or false: |
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(4) if the conclusion be reached
through false premisses: |
| Paragraph 7 |
Fallacy in argument is due to a mistake of the arguer
rather than of
the argument: |
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created 1996/11/25 modified 2009/04/26