| Paragraph 1 | A probability and a sign are not identical, but a probability is a generally approved proposition: |
| Paragraph 2 | We must either divide signs in the way stated, and among them designate the middle term as the index (for people call that the index which makes us know, and the middle term above all has this character), or else we must call the arguments derived from the extremes signs, that derived from the middle term the index: |
| Paragraph 3 | It is possible to infer character from features, if it is granted that the body and the soul are changed together by the natural affections: |

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created 1996/11/25 modified 2009/04/26